Поиски путей преодоления косной оболочки мира в ранних текстах Ф. М. Достоевского

Abstract

The topics raised by young F. M. Dostoevsky in his correspondence of 1838-1839 with his brother Mikhail are considered. The author dwells on the fact that these letters discursively express the central theme of the early work of the writer - the search for ways to overcome the rigid shell of the world. Dostoevsky’s reflections on the world around him as a world bound by a rigid shell of matter that does not allow the true divine light to pass through and does not allow a person to connect with this light are given. It is noted that this understanding of the world order correlates with the central philosophical ideas of the time, Dostoevsky shares the views of thinkers of his era, who chose the path of spiritual search as opposed to positivist knowledge. It is emphasized that Dostoevsky took the position of those thinkers who believe the true knowledge is not in the mind, but through feelings, that is, through the heart. This explains one of the central motives of Dostoevsky’ early work - the theme of the living heart. Also, the author refers to the letters and to some fragments of Dostoevsky’s translation of Balzac’s “Eugenia Grande” to show Dostoevsky’s understanding of the poet’s role: the poet’s inspiration turns out to be akin to a heavenly revelation that breaks through rigid matter and connects man with God.