ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА СТАРШИХ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМИ ДЕЗАДАПТАЦИИ К ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ

Abstract

The current social situation where a child develops causes the growth of the number of children maladjusted to the educational environment of a preschool institution. Increasingly frequently, children manifest aggressiveness towards adults and peers, they are avoidant, withdraw into themselves, and do not trust new people, things, and situations, they are emotionally detached and lack social normativity and competence. Maladjustment to the educational environment of a preschool institution involves adult-child and child-child spheres of interaction, violates the process of acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for successful socialization. The paper presents the results of the empirical study of special aspects of relationships of senior preschool children with adults and peers, their social adjustment and emotional well-being in an educational institution. The study is based on observations, discussions, inquiries, experiment. The authors used R. Gille’s “Interpersonal relations of a child” technique, M. Bykova’s and M. Aromshtam’s “I am in a kindergarten” technique, M.A. Panfilova’s “Cactus” technique and P. Temple’s, M. Dorkey’s and E.W. Amen’s “Choose a proper face” test of anxiety. The results prove that over-fives demonstrate following maladjustment manifestations: emotional tension, behavior involuntariness, anxiety, and aggressiveness in the relations with peers and the unwillingness to get in touch with them, and anxiety and conflicts in the relations with a teacher. To overcome maladjustment of over-fives, the authors developed the series of exercises of pedagogical support, the implementation of which in the educational process of a preschool institution promotes the formation of skills of constructive interaction with adults and peers (plays-dramatizations, fairy tale therapy), behavior arbitrariness (plays with rules) and emotional stress relaxation (plays for relaxation, muscle contraction relaxation, sand play).