ОПОЛЗНИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ: РОЛЬ СТРОЕНИЯ МАССИВОВ ГРУНТОВ В ИХ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ И ТИПИЗАЦИЯ

Abstract

The flow («dry», plastic, viscoplastic, viscous) is one of the main mechanisms of landslide displacement. The paper discusses the features of the formation and development of landslides, the displacement of which occurs in the form of a flow caused by soils saturated. The flow slides formation is associated with the excess of the creep threshold by the shear stresses acting in the slope massif with the transition of deformations from decaying to irreversible, progressive ones. When classifying slope processes, most researchers classify flow slides (under various names) into a separate class. Flow slides usually refer to the displacement (in subaerial or subaqueous conditions) of the moist mass or saturated clay, sandy-clay or rubble-clay soil, which moves along an inclined surface. It is shown that the formation of flow slides can occur either for a long time, with the gradual development of plastic deformations, or very quickly, with an almost instantaneous transition of soils to a fluid state (liquefaction). The main features with reference to which typical types of the flow slides is carried out are: 1) the capture depth of the massif by landslide deformations and the location of the flow zone; 2) morphometric characteristics, including the shape of the landslide body (in plan); 3) the type of soils involved in displacement and the mechanism of the transition of soils into a «fluid» state; 4) features of the displacement mechanism, including depending on the consistency of the landslide masses, due to the ratio in the composition of the moving mass of the solid (debris, clay) component and the water component. The features of the development and differences of surface landslides and «deep» flow slides, including the features of their displacement, morphology and structure, are characterized. The sequence of the landslide deformations development is described. The existing approaches to the typification of flow slides are considered. Summary typical types of flow slides of a current on the initiation and mechanism of displacement is prepared. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the features and differences of flow slides in the course of their study.