Метаболічні порушення, спричинені гострим панкреатитом, та їх корекція за допомогою ентерального харчування пацієнтів

Abstract

The occurrence of hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism syndromes in patients with acute pancreatitis is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which leads to an increase in energy consumption and basic metabolism, which depend on both the severity of the course and the duration of the disease. The aim of our work was to investigate the state of the problem of nutritional support for patients with acute pancreatitis at the current stage. The degree of nutritional status disorders in patients with acute pancreatitis varies depending on the etiological factors and severity of the disease and requires a differentiated approach to their correction. With the development of hypermetabolic syndrome, energy consumption can increase by 77-158%. Nutritional support is an important component of acute pancreatitis therapy, the goal of which is to ensure adequate caloric intake, modulate the response to oxidative stress, and counteract catabolic effects during the course of the disease. Restoration of intestinal absorption in patients with severe acute pancreatitis occurs on average 48 h after the start of complex conservative therapy, which is the optimal time to start enteral nutrition. Nasogastric nutritional support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is safe and leads to a 25.8% reduction in the incidence of local infectious complications, length of hospital stay by 16 days and deaths by 21.4% in comparison with parenteral nutrition. The use of antiflatulents as part of a mixture for enteral nutrition allows to improve the laboratory indicators of blood serum, to reduce the frequency of intestinal complications by 21.5%. Nutritional support should be started with nasogastric administration of food mixture, and in case of complications (intolerance, aspiration, etc.), nasojejunal administration. Parenteral nutrition should be used if enteral nutrition is impossible or not tolerated.