К ВОПРОСУ О СТРАТИГРАФИЧЕСКОМ ПОЛОЖЕНИИ ЭЛЬДАХСКОГО КАРБОНАТНОГО МАССИВА (ГОРА СКАЛИХА, БАТЕНЕВСКИЙ КРЯЖ, ХАКАСИЯ)

On the basis of partially published original data on the correlation of Permian sections, the stage boundaries of the standard (SSS) and general (GSS) stratigraphic scales are traced in different paleogeographic regions and climatic belts using reliably substantiated correlation levels. The analysis of the mixed west and east boreal Kungurian–early Ufimian and Middle Permian boreal–peri-Gondwanan–Tethyan brachiopod assemblages from southern Primorye using different stratigraphic methods (biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy) and carbon isotope data make it possible for the first time to define five event-correlation levels traceable in remote paleogeographic regions. Presumable analogs of the Sheshma deposits of the GSS Ufimian Stage with the Kazanian biota established in Primorye and traced through the Boreal realm are attributed to the Middle (Biarmian) Series of the Permian System. The magnetostratigraphic method combined with strict biostratigraphic control allows correlation of the Roadian, Capitanian, Wuchiapigian, and Changhsinian stages and their boundaries in the standard stratigraphic scale with the Kazanian, Severodvinian, and Vyatkian stages (and boundaries) in the general stratigraphic scale and with similar units in the Tethyan scale to be specified.

General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia: State of the art and problems

Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) and Generalized Magnetostratigraphic scale (GMSS) which is in use in Russia synthesize the paleomagnetic data of the world. Ideally, there should be only one global scale of geomagnetic polarity (GPTS or GMSS, or a new scale constructed through their synthesis). All other paleomagnetic scales may be of local or regional (possibly, sub-global) character. But since the GPTS chrons are referenced to the International Stratigraphic Scale (ISS), and the GMSS magnetozones—to the General Stratigraphic Scale (GSS), the necessity of equiponderant coexistence of the GPTS and the GMSS will persist until all the correlation problems between the two scales are solved or until these are merged together. Practical use of a domestic version of paleomagnetic scale for geologic investigations requires construction of an updated and verified GMSS version—with regard to recent magnetostratigraphic data. Simultaneously with the process of data verification, procedural problems should be solved which may arise while further development of the General Magnetostratigraphic Scale: to continue improving the GMSS hierarchic structure on the quantitative basis, to take into account the diachronism of biostratigraphic boundaries for integration of a paleomagnetic scale with detailed biostratigraphic units, to develop theoretical grounds for the use of paleomagnetic criteria for identifying the boundaries of common stratigraphic units.

It started with a casual remark over coffee. It was the late 1990s, and I was a postdoc in Karin Rabe's ferroelectrics research group, then at Yale University. Ferroelectrics are materials that exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by applying an electric field. Although they were named after an analogous magnetic phenomenon—ferromagnetism—ferroelectrics were generally thought to not have magnetic properties, which made me, a budding magnetism researcher, an apparently odd fit for the laboratory. That odd juxtaposition, though, turned out to be crucial to my career. “It's a pity there are no magnetic ferroelectrics,” my labmate said to me as we guzzled espresso, “because then we could collaborate.” “Woah! Is that really true?” I thought. “Are there really no magnetic ferroelectrics? And if so, why?” It was an intriguing fundamental question, and such materials could be technologically useful if they could be made. It soon became, for me, the most interesting question in the world. So when I took my assistant professorship at the University of California (UC), Santa Barbara, a few months later, I abandoned my plan to work in the well-established field of semiconductor nanostructures and embarked on a single-minded hunt for magnetic ferroelectrics. ![Figure][1] Before I knew it, multiferroics were no longer “mine.” ILLUSTRATION: ROBERT NEUBECKER My quest for these multiferroics was quixotic, but my timing was fortuitous. First-principles electronic structure theory had matured to the point where materials I thought might be good candidates could be studied. My postdoctoral work had involved extending electronic structure methods to study magnetic systems—exactly what I needed to predict the properties of new multiferroics. Armed with these tools, I set out to create computer models of magnetic ferroelectrics. I calculated, thought, and calculated some more until, in 2000, I was ready to publish at least a partial answer to the question, “Why are there so few magnetic ferroelectrics?” Around that time, though, I discovered a downside to having so much scientific fun: Solving difficult problems takes time, and my publication record wasn't strong enough, according to my pretenure review. Also, when you work in a field no one else works in, you don't garner a lot of citations. Kind mentors advised me to start doing something more mainstream—quickly. Instead I kept going, hoping to see my predictions tested in the lab. I embarked on a pretenure lecture tour, proselytizing about the emerging field and seeking collaborators. My enthusiasm rubbed off, and some excellent experimentalists began making structures I had designed. I gathered the courage to organize the first-ever multiferroics session at the 2001 March meeting of the American Physical Society, which gave the field a further boost. A year later, I was tenured. Phew! In 2003, in collaboration with the group of Ramamoorthy Ramesh (now at UC Berkeley), we succeeded in producing and understanding thin films of what is now one of the most-studied multiferroic materials, bismuth ferrite. This led to a Science paper and an important lesson: A high-profile publication can really help stimulate a field. Soon after, many research groups and industrial labs began working on multiferroics. Before I knew it, multiferroics were no longer “mine.” They had a life of their own, with thousands of active researchers around the world. Frighteningly, I have reached the stage in my career when young people often ask me for advice. My safe and sensible side tells me to pass along the same advice I received: Make a solid contribution to an established field and publish a lot to become known and respected by your community. Save the high-risk stuff until after tenure. But, deep down, I hope young scientists—you—will choose not to follow that advice. I hope instead you will find the question that for you is the most interesting in the world, go after its answer with all your youthful passion, and pioneer your own science revolution. [1]: pending:yes

As a type of skills mismatch, horizontal skills mismatch (HM) is a particularly important problem for vocational education and training (VET) in Turkey because the majority of VET graduates work in a different field than the one in which they were educated. This study aims to determine the reasons why some VET graduates in Turkey work in fields other than their original field of study. For this purpose, we have employed a sequential mixed-model research design, first conducting face-to-face interviews with 20 VET graduates and then applying a questionnaire to VET graduates that elicited 4,863 responses. The study uses descriptive analysis for the qualitative data from the interviews and an open-ended item from the questionnaire. The qualitative results show the most common reasons for VET graduates’ employment out of their field of study to include being unable to find a job in their field of study, low wages, lack of necessary vocational skills, lack of experience, and working conditions. Quantitative results show VET graduates to want to be employed in their field of study and to make significant efforts in finding jobs that match their field. We have concluded HM to be a common problem and all the factors influencing VET graduates’ out-of-field employment to be related to a weak relationship between VET and the Turkish labor market.

Implementation and evaluation of an educational intervention for safer injection in people who inject drugs in Europe: a multi-country mixed-methods study

Research subject. Main problems of the General Stratigraphic Scale (GSS) of the Upper Precambrian including uncertainties in the hierarchy of subdivisions are analyzed.Results.Prospects for detailing the Upper Precambrian GSS are discussed, along with questions of its correlation with International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICSC) and establishing the lower boundaries of chronostratigraphic subdivisions. The importance of unifying the existing views is emphasized.Conclusions.It is proposed to carry out the following reforms of GSS: to abolish Acrothemes / Acrons; to approve the Proterozoic (as well as the Archean) as an Eonotheme / Eon; to minimize the use of terms “Upper Proterozoic” and “Lower Proterozoic”; to assign the Riphean and Vendian to the rank of Erathem / Era (while preserving the status of the Vendian as a System / Period); to consider Burzyanian, Yurmatinian, Karatavian and Arshinian as Systems / Periods of the Riphean. Attention is focused on the Upper Riphean-Vendian interval. The lower boundary of the Upper Riphean (Karatavian) was proposed to establish according to the first appearance of theTrachyhystrichosphaera sp.microfossils. Then, the Terminal Riphean (Arshinian) lower boundary should be traced to the base of the tillites formed during the global Sturtian glaciation (which approximately corresponds to the base of the Cryogenian in ICSC). Apparently, the Vendian lower boundary may be raised to the level of the top of the Gaskiers tillites, as the deposits of the last major glaciation in the Precambrian. The indicated proposals are substantiated. It is necessary to form work groups to develop solutions.

Sancar Maruflu started working in the field of public relations even before the concept was known to the public and founded Turkey's second company in this field. Considered the pioneer of the profession and a passionate practitioner for 50 years, Maruflu was a public relations expert who organized the largest number of state ceremonies in Turkey. He also achieved great success in the field of political communication with the election campaigns he prepared, and he worked as a public relations consultant for Turkey's most important politicians. Maruflu, who held a master's degree in public relations, trained many young public relations experts and brought them to the sector. He continued working in the public relations field until the day he passed away; Maruflu brought a different interpretation to public relations, developed and implemented unique strategies, tried untried methods and succeeded, and became a brand and an expert in his profession. Maruflu, who advocated that a public relations expert should know the society in which he lives very well and should be intertwined with the public, also became a civil society leader and was nicknamed the Father of Izmir by the people of the city (Izmir) where he lived. This article includes Sancar Maruflu's achievements in the public relations profession and his advice to young people who want to be successful in this field. Maruflu's unique interpretations and practices brought to the profession will offer a new vision to public relations.

Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main treatment modalities for cancer. In France, radiation therapists (RTTs) undergo a combined training program in radiography, nuclear medicine, and RT. In the context of rising cancer cases and greater utilisation of RT, RT departments face a workforce shortage. This study investigates the interest of final-year radiography students in working in RT and explores deterrents to their career choice. A survey was conducted in January 2024 among French radiography students who had completed at least 3weeks of RT clinical placement. The survey included closed and open-ended questions on career preferences and highlighted barriers to working in RT. Data analysis included absolute number, frequency of students wishing to work in RT according to the age range of the students. A Chi square test was used to assess the influence of the age range on the desire to work in RT field. A thematic analysis of free-text responses was also performed. The results indicated a low interest in a career in RT among students, with the main reasons being psychological and educational barriers. Enhancing RT-specific education, improving clinical placements, addressing emotional resilience, and modernising training programmes are crucial to attract future RTTs and address workforce shortages in this critical field.

Çağan H. Şekercioğlu

Ostracods and Interregional Correlation between the Ordovician Sections of Northeast Russia (Eriekhe River Basin) and the Siberian Platform

The purpose this study is to compare the mental health of single-field and team athletes, non-athletes, and MA with Ph.D. students. To this end 135 single-field athletes and 69 team athletes who were all students were selected as sample. The methodology adopted is causative-comparative and field work. The research population consists of all the students in Tarbiat Modares University. The population of its non-athletes is 6032 and that of athletes 298. On the basis of Morgan table, 680 non-athletes and 204 athletes who were in the university team were selected as the statistical sample. The instrument used in this study was General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The statistical analysis used to compare groups was Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whittney U was used for two by two comparisons of groups. The results show there is no significant difference between the mental health scales of the single-field and team athletes. The single-field athletes in all scales and team athletes in general mental health scale and physical signs/social function disorder differed significantly from non-athletes in a way that single-field athletes and team athletes appeared to be mentally more healthy than non-athletes. Compare other MA and Ph.D. students in their mental health. Results revealed a significant difference between the groups in their general mental health and the two subscales of physical signs and social function disorder in a way that Ph.D. students turned out to have more mental health than M.A students. Article visualizations:

In the world of work, the physical differences between men and women make the roles accepted by both of them are not the same. In society, this will always be associated with the phenomenon of gender stereotypes. Online motorcycle taxi drivers are one of the professions that are often used by most people. The ojol profession has a strong impression on men and is even considered unsuitable for women. This study aims to reveal how gender stereotypes are in the online motorcycle taxi driver profession. This method emphasizes more on descriptive research and more emphasis on detailed information analysis. The data analysis technique used is Miles and Huberman's data analysis. The data used is secondary data. Secondary data comes from literature sources such as journals, articles, theses, books, websites and other supporting sources. The results of the study show that in the online motorcycle taxi driver profession, gender stereotypes are found which have three forms, namely: first, the presence of a masculine identity and the distance from a feminine impression makes most women reluctant to become motorcycle taxi drivers. Second, online motorcycle taxi drivers are field work so they are considered difficult for women. Third, the ojol profession is seen as a high-risk job because of the many challenges that must be faced so that it is suitable for men. First, the existence of a masculine identity and distance from the feminine impression makes most women reluctant to become motorcycle taxi drivers. Second, online motorcycle taxi drivers are field work so they are considered difficult for women. Third, the ojol profession is seen as a high-risk job because of the many challenges that must be faced so that it is suitable for men. First, the existence of a masculine identity and distance from the feminine impression makes most women reluctant to become motorcycle taxi drivers. Second, online motorcycle taxi drivers are field work so they are considered difficult for women. Third, the ojol profession is seen as a high-risk job because of the many challenges that must be faced so that it is suitable for men.

The resolution of the Commission on the Permian System of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee (ISC) to exclude the Ufimian Stage from the General (East European) stratigraphic scale is questioned. This resolution led to substantial changes in the charactristics of several stage units and violated rules of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The paleontological characteristic of the Ufimian Stage differs from that of the Kungurian Stage in its initial volume. It is shown that the Ufimian Stage is characterized by its high correlation potential.

The main objective of this study is to apply Discrete Mathematical Analysis (DMA) to the development of the methodology of cyclostratigraphy. This aim is supported by exploring the magnetic properties of rocks, the lithology of sediments and obtained geochronological reference definitions. The analysis was based on measurements of the variability of the magnetic susceptibility of rocks, which reflects climate variations. Astronomical cycles are global; this makes it possible to carry out a correlation analysis over a large area and on different facial types of sediments, considering their lithology and other sedimentary features. The introduction of modern methods of mathematical processing of geological data is one of the prospective areas for investigation and development in geoscience. Astronomical cycles can be revealed from measurements of scalar magnetic parameters of rocks (magnetic susceptibility as presented by the authors). Specific software developed by the authors allows the processing of measurement data and assessment of the presence of stable oscillation cycles based on the obtained measurement base. The present study attempts to apply mathematical methods to magnetic data using the existing PAST program, which allows spectral analysis of primary data with the construction of Lomb-Scargle and REDFIT periodograms. We interpret the spectral analysis data based on paleomagnetic determinations, considering the available dates for the boundaries of direct and reverse polarity chrons on a general stratigraphic scale.