«Служебная чертежная книга» Ремезовых как источник для изучения культурного ландшафта слобод Урала (конец XVII — начало XVIII в.)

Abstract

«Sluzhebnaya chertezhnaya kniga» is well known to researchers, but not all of its parts have been equally studied. The article is devoted to the analysis of the plans of 15 settlements of the Tobolsk uezd, placed in this unique source under the heading «These are examples of the described settlements». Assessing the artistic performance of the drawings, the author comes to the conclusion that they were not made by S. U. Remezov. It is suggested that they are based on the materials of descriptions of the buildings, the areas for trade, the bridges and ferries, compiled by the 1703 decree. The author considers the information potential of the plans for the reconstruction of the layout of the 17th century Ural settlements, as well as the spatial strategies of their inhabitants. The drawings correlate with the budget list of 1701/1702 and the 1683 census book of the Tobolsk uezd, which confirm the accuracy of the information of the plans. A comparative analysis of the placement on the plans of such objects of the cultural landscape as a fortress, administrative buildings, a church, a chapel, grain storages, residential courtyards, roads and bridges is carried out. The generally accepted compositional solutions and situational deviations from them during the development of settlements are revealed. It is concluded that the considered plans not only visualize the available information about the structure of Russian settlements in the Urals in the 17th – early 18th centuries, but also complement it. In particular, this applies to the placement of the churches and the chapels.