Влияние силовых и аэробных тренировок на функцию внешнего дыхания и силу респираторных мышц спортсменов

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the respiratory muscle strength and ventilatory function variables in power and endurance athletes and their age-matched and sex-matched control group. The study showed that maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) as well as the dynamic ventilatory variables in endurance athletes were superior to those in power athletes and controls. MIP was shown to have greater positive correlations with maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) for both control and power athletes (r = 0.64 & r = 0.57 respectively, p < 0.01 for both). Similarly, MEP was positively and significantly correlated with MVV in both control and power athletes (r = 0.6 & r = 0.58 respectively, p < 0.01). However, MIP and MEP showed weak and statistically insignificant correlation with MVV in endurance athletes (p > 0.05). It is possible that intense endurance training leads to the maximal improvement of respiratory muscle strength and may contribute to the improvement of certain functional reserves of respiratory muscles. We conclude that the adaptation of the respiratory system to the exercise depends on the training routine. The biggest changes in the ventilatory function variables and an increase in the functional reserves of the respiratory muscles are observed in athletes whose training routine is dominated by intense aerobic exercise.