Актуатор с последовательным соединением стержня из сплава с памятью формы и упругого элемента смещения

Abstract

One of the most promising applications of shape memory alloys (SMA) is their use for creating working bodies of power exciters (actuators). The working body of the actuator must perform certain movements due to shape memory phenomena (heating, working stroke of the actuator) and the accumulation of direct transformation deformations (cooling, idling of the actuator). It is known that the process of deformation of SMA during cooling occurs only in the presence of mechanical action, while the return to the original form during heating occurs in the absence of a corresponding mechanical action and even in the presence of a sufficiently large counteraction. To ensure the possibility of not only working, but also idling of the actuator, the working body of the SMA is connected to the elastic bias element so that both of these elements are deformed together. In this case, when the SMA element is heated, it is deformed due to the shape memory phenomenon, which leads to the deformation of the bias element associated with the working body and the appearance, both in this element and in the working body, of mechanical stresses that increase with the temperature of the SMA element. It is these stresses, which continue to act during the cooling of the working body, that ensure its deformation in the opposite direction at the stage of cooling of the working body and the corresponding direct transformation into SMA. In this paper, the behavior of an actuator consisting of a SMA rod and an elastic rod (an bias element) connected in series, the total length of which is assumed to be unchanged, is analytically investigated. The influence of the system parameters on the stresses in the SMA rod and the value of the working stroke of the actuator is investigated. The conditions for the implementation of the closed two way shape memory effect in this system are determined.