Разработка огнезащитных композиций для тканей декоративного и специального назначения и исследование их пожароопасных свойств

Abstract

Introduction. Reducing the fire hazard of woven materials is an urgent task. The main way to reduce the flammability of textile materials of various compositions and purposes is the use of fire retardants – components added to materials of organic origin to provide fire protection. Fire retardant compounds must be selected taking into account the purpose of the finished textile product, the requirements for fire retardant, hygienic, and mechanical characteristics. Due to the specific nature of their use, decorative fabrics intended for furniture upholstery, sewing curtains and curtains, interior decoration, as well as special-purpose fabrics used for the manufacture of special protective clothing against heat and flame are subjected to fire-retardant treatment. The work used antipyretic compounds based on the drugs Pecoflam and Pyrovatex. As additives in order to increase the effectiveness of fire retardants, the drug Covelos, which is silicon dioxide, and the drug Teflon, an organofluorine compound, were introduced into the solutions. The purpose of the study is development of formulations for flame retardant compositions that provide high fire retardant properties of textile materials for various purposes made from natural and synthetic fibers and their mixtures. Research methods. To obtain the results, a comparative system analysis of literature data and experimental results, flammability tests in accordance with state standard GOST R 50810-95, fire resistance tests in accordance with state standard GOST 11209-2014, as well as methods for determining the oxygen index were used. Research results. Fire retardant compounds have been developed for decorative polyester fabrics and the minimum concentrations of Pecoflam and Pyrovatex for special purpose fabrics have been determined. Flammability and fire resistance tests have been carried out. The values of the oxygen index and flame propagation speed were determined for samples of avisent and twill. It has been established that the concentration of Pecoflam to impart fire-retardant properties to avisent fabric is up to 200 g/l, the concentration of Pyrovatex to impart fire-retardant properties to twill fabric is up to 300 g/l. Conclusion. The tests conducted allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of surface fire protection treatment of decorative and special-purpose polyester fabrics using Pecoflam and Pirovatex preparations, which can be implemented at the final finishing stage. Optimum concentrations of the said preparations were determined to reduce the fire hazard of decorative and special-purpose textile materials. Keywords: textile material; fire retardant composition; testing of fabric samples; oxygen index; flame propagation speed.