Проблемы и пути развития сельского хозяйства региона: влияние государственной поддержки на финансово-хозяйственную деятельность товаропроизводителей

Introduction. According to WHO data, over the past five years in the Russian Federation, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the level of alcohol consumption from 10.99 liters in 2012 to 13.9 liters in 2019 per capita. The leaders in vodka consumption in Russia are the Sakhalin and Magadan regions, the Republics of Komi, Karelia and Chukotka. Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the level of socio-economic development of regions for the period from 2015 to 2019 was carried out for the country as a whole and in particular the North Western Federal District (NWFD), as well as data on the level of alcohol abuse of the adult working-age population for the specified period in the country as a whole. The above mentioned indicators for the Novgorod and Pskov regions are presented in more detail. Results. Practically in all regions of the NWFD there is a natural population decline. The most favourable situation is observed in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Novgorod and Pskov regions are in the lead. The most unfavourable socio-economic conditions for living have developed in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karelia, Komi, Novgorod and Pskov regions. The leaders in the incidence of alcoholism among the adult population in the NWFD were the Novgorod Region, the Nenets Autonomous Region, the Pskov and Arkhangelsk Regions and the Komi Republic. Almost all regions of the Far North are in the top five in terms of alcohol abuse by the adult working-age population, which indicates a very difficult situation with alcoholism among the population living in the Arctic region. Limitations. Sufficient information volume of data units of data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation was analyzed. Conclusion. The results of the work carried out will make it possible to draw the attention of regional authorities to the problem of socio-economic troubles in the territory entrusted to them and to direct administrative and other resources in a more targeted and purposeful manner to provide assistance to the population.

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary di sease (COPD) is extremely variable in different regions of Rus-sia, as it depends on many lifestyle factors, exposure to various damaging agents, environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the study was to determine the main trends and characteristics of the general and primary inci-dence of COPD in the adult population of the North-West Federal District for the period of 2010–2019. Materials and methods. Published data for the period from 2010–2019 were used, in particular data from the Federal State Statistical Monitoring of the Russian Federation on the incidence of adult patients’ visits to medical institutions in the Northwestern Federal District, Moscow and the Russian Federation as a whole. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS application package. Results. In the structure of the general morbidity rate of respiratory dis-eases (ALD) in the adult population of the NWFD in 2019, COPD accounted for 2%, in the structure of the primary morbidity, for 0.3%. Over a ten-year follow-up period, the overall incidence of COPD in the NWFD decreased by 11.8%, however, in different regions, these data differ widely: from +66.6% in the Leningrad region to –37.0% in the Novgorod region. The greatest increase in the overall incidence was registered in the republics of Karelia and Komi, as well as in the Novgorod region, in which the average value of the overall incidence for ten years was higher than the average for Russia and the average for the whole of the Northwestern Federal District. Primary inci-dence of COPD in the adult population of the NWFD for the period 2010–2019 increased by 13.1%. The greatest increase in primary morbidity was noted in the Leningrad region, in the Republic of Karelia and in the Novgorod re-gion. Conclusion. The dynamics of the overall incidence of COPD in the subjects of the NWFD in 2010–2019, as well as in Russia as a whole, is characterized by a slight increase. The observed increase in the incidence of COPD may be associated with improved diagnosis, a significant increase in the level of knowledge of primary health care physicians in medical institutions of the North-West Fed-eral District and an improvement in the organization of pulmonological care in the region.

Research aims to describe the progress in solving the “Birds and power lines (PL) problem” in Volga region. More than 80 scientific articles on the scale of bird mortality on PLs and ways to solve this problem, as well as more than 30 internet media publications served as the material for analysis. Isolated cases of bird deaths on PLs appear in scientific press and publications, in the last quarter of the 20th century. The essay by V.M. Peskov “Birds on Wires” (1982) played an important role in understanding of the problem scale and drew the attention of local experts to it. All requirements necessary to ensure the protection of birds from deaths on PLs have been laid down in the regulatory framework in 1995–1996 already. Federal Law “On the Fauna” (1995) fixed the obligation of legal entities and citizens to prevent the death of wildlife when operating communication and power lines (Article 28). In 1996, Government Decree of the Russian Federation dated August 13, 1996, N 997 “On approval of the requirements for the prevention of wildlife mortality in the implementation of manufacturing processes, as well as in the operation of transport routes, pipelines, communication lines and power lines” was issued, which required the use of bird protection devices (BPD) when operating PLs. The Methodology for assessing harm and calculating the extent of damage from the destruction of wildlife and their habitat was approved in 2000, which created an economic mechanism for influencing PL owners. The work of A.V. Saltykov has become the catalyst for solving the “Birds and power lines” problem in the Volga region. In 1999, he published the first guide for preventing bird mortality on PLs, in 2000 – article “On the need for bird protection on power grid facilities of the Republic of Tatarstan”, in 2003 – defended dissertation on the topic “The problem of bird mortality on power lines in the Middle Volga region and justification of bird protection measures”.Analysis of the dynamics of the number of scientific publications on the “Birds and power lines” problem in the Volga region and their authors in 2000–2023 showed a rapid increase in attention to this problem in 2005–2014; in the last decade, publishing activity has been slowly declining (Table 1). In the early 2000s, researchers mainly focused their attention on assessing the extent of bird mortality on PLs in specific regions. It was shown, for example, that in the Volga region even common raptor species mortality (such as Common Buzzard Buteo Buteo) is comparable with their regional abundance, and for rare species of large raptors, deaths on PLs are the main limiting factor. Later, there was an increase in the number of publications on the use of BPDs. Scientific evidence for the importance of solving this problem boosted public activism. Researchers initiated and lead environmental programs (A.V. Saltykov, the creator and permanent leader of “Birds and power lines” of the Russian Bird Conservation Union; A.I. Matsyna and R.Kh. Bekmansurov, leaders for the activity in Nizhny Novgorod region and the Republic of Tatarstan, respectively). Experimental BPDs made of plastic bottles were first installed on PL sections that are the most dangerous for birds in the early 2000s in Ulyanovsk region under the direction of A.V. Saltykov. They turned out to be cheap, quite effective, and durable, working up to 10 years. By 2006–2010 industrial BPDs were developed and manufactured, and since then, mass supply of industrial BPDs have become available for consumers. BPD installation activity is gaining momentum. This activity is included in the environmental company policy or is implemented based on a court decision. In 2006–2016 “Gazprom Transgaz Nizhny Novgorod” LLC (leads in the number of installed BPDs among the subsidiaries of “Gazprom” PJSC) equipped more than 270 km of PLs with BPDs. Self-supporting wire was used for the newly constructed high-voltage lines, which ensures the bird safety. In 2009–2011, “Grid company” PJSC installed more than 1200 BPDs in the Republic of Tatarstan in the “Nizhnyaya Kama” National Park and Volga-Kama Nature Reserve (however, this did not prevent eagle mortality completely). Since 2011, a targeted program for the installation of BPDs on overhead PLs belonging to “Ulyanovsk Distribution Grids”, a branch of PJSC “Interregional distribution grid company of Volga”, has been successfully implemented in Ulyanovsk region. This program will result in more than 300,000 BPDs being installed by 2026. PLs belonging to “Transneft – Upper Volga” JSC have begun to be equipped with BPDs in the 2020s: in 2020, more than 22,000 BPDs were installed in the Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions, as well in the Republic of Mari El, in 2021 – more than 10,000 in the Nyzhny Novgorod region, more than 18 km of uninsulated 6–10 kV PL wires were replaced with a self-supporting isolated wire. In 2019, “Gazprom Transgaz Nizhny Novgorod” LLC installed 1,810 BPDs in the Chuvash Republic under a court order (based on 2018 audit by the Cheboksary Interdistrict Environmental Prosecutor’s Office). In 2020, the transport prosecutor filed a claim to the Zheleznodorozhny District Court of Ulyanovsk, following the audit by the Ulyanovsk transport prosecutor’s office investigating deaths of rare bird species on PLs at railway transport facilities. The court ordered “Russian Railways” JSC to equip overhead PLs belonging to the Ulyanovsk power supply distance with BPDs. Some of the actions covered by media and used by energy sector in reports and PR campaigns raise doubts in their expediency and focus on preventing bird deaths. For example, “Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System” (“Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System” PJSC) reported in the media that in 2021 they installed BPDs on 220–500 kV PLs (minimally hazardous to birds), ensuring the power transmission from Zhigulevskaya HPP, Balakovo NPP, Saratovskaya HPP, Cheboksarskaya HPP, Iriklinskaya GRES into power grids of the nine regions of the Volga Federal District with a population of 14 million people. Large companies (“Gazprom Transgaz Nizhny Novgorod” LLC, “Transneft – Upper Volga” JSC, “Ulyanovsk Distribution Grids”, etc.) are most active in solving the “Birds and power lines” problem as they have equipped most of their PLs with efficient BPDs. However, many PLs belonging to different owners have not yet been equipped with BPDs. The current objective is to provide BPDs for PLs owned by mobile operators. Thus, despite notable progress in solving the problem, it is far from being resolved. Serious efforts, a new stage of research, and practical actions are required.

The article reveals the problem of irrational use of agricultural land and land relations in the Novgorod region. The most important sign of such use is the annual reduction in the area of this category. Based on the use of the SPACE analysis method by the authors to assess the level of agricultural development in the Novgorod region, taking into account its natural resource potential, the position of this region in the North-Western Federal District was determined as with low agricultural production, and a number of problems in the field of land relations in the region that hinder rational land use were identified. In order to identify these problems, the authors used the method of extrapolating a number of dynamics with the calculation of optimistic and pessimistic ways of developing land relations in the region. As a result, the authors systematized the main reasons for the destruction of land relations in the Novgorod region into natural, organizational, economic and social ones, and also developed direc-tions for improving the use of agricultural land in the Novgorod region, including through the use of rental mechanisms, in order to achieve the rational use of such land.

Highlights An analysis of the medical and demographic situation in the Russian Federation during the covid years (2020–2021) showed that the mortality rate in the studied population increased by 39.1%, the primary morbidity rate – by 26.3%, the incidence of COVID-19 increased by 135.6% and amounted to 10,304.1. The results of the study should be taken into account in the development of management decisions on the health of the elderly population at the federal, regional and municipal levels, as well as for planning dispensary work and preventive care for this population. Aim. To conduct an analysis of medical and demographic indicators and mortality rate in the population older than working age to develop management solutions regarding the health of older adults in the context of pension reforms.Methods. The study analyzed statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Central Scientific Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Ministry of Health for period from 2012 to 2021.Results. The mortality rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation in 2021 amounted to 5 102.3‰oo. In the federal districts, the fluctuations in indicators were 1.3-fold: from 4 091.6‰oo in the North Caucasian Federal District to 5 374.6 in the Siberian Federal District. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference between indicators was significant (2.9-fold): from 2 066.6‰oo in the Republic of Ingushetia to 5 974.6 in the Novgorod region. In 2021, the primary morbidity rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation was 66 183.5, in the Federal District the difference between indicators was 1.25-fold, the highest values ​​were noted in the Siberian Federal District – 73 257.0‰oo, the lowest in the Central Federal District – 58 462.2. In other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference was significant as well (2.3-fold): the Oryol region showed 91 162.7‰oo, in the Kursk region - 39 282.9. In 2021, the following diseases had high morbidity rate in the Russian Federation: respiratory diseases – 21 391.3‰oo (32.3%), COVID-19 – 10 304.1 (15.6%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes – 6 528.1‰oo (9.9%), and diseases of the circulatory system amounted to 6 191.7‰oo (9.4%). Regarding this class of diseases, the highest morbidity rates were associated with high blood pressure – 29.9%, cerebrovascular diseases – 28.4%, and hypertension– 25.4%. In federal subjects of the Russian Federation, the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in the studied population was almost 6-fold in 2021: from 3463.4‰oo in the Chechen Republic to 20 481.6‰oo in the Altai Republic, indicating the ambiguity of COVID-19. During the year of the analysis (2020–2021), the mortality rates in the studied population increased from 4 408.1 to 5 102.9‰oo (by 39.1%), the primary incidence increased from 57 041.4 to 60 183.5‰oo (by 26. 3%), the incidence of COVID-19 increased from 4 373.9 to 10 304.1 COVID-19 (by 135.6%).Conclusion. The results of the study should be taken into account at the federal, regional and municipal levels during planning dispensary and preventive work for the health protection of the older generation.

Одним з найважливіших напрямів в цьому контексті є проблеми організаційно-правових форм розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві. В умовах конкурентного ринкового середовища важливе значення для забезпечення стабільного й ефективного аграрного виробництва мають механізми регулювання процесів відтворення в АПК, серед яких чільне місце належить формам підприємницької діяльності. У сучасних економічних умовах важливим фактором підвищення ефективності розвитку продовольчого підкомплексу є удосконалення даних форм. Проте слід визнати, що нині форми підприємницької діяльності перебувають в стані формування та розвитку. Тому проблеми реформування аграрного сектора економіки, постійно перебували і перебувають у полі зору економічної науки. В історичному аспекті розвитку підприємницька діяльність налічує наступні форми: приватні підсобні господарства, одноосібні володіння, господарства населення, селянські фермерські господарства, приватні та державні сільськогосподарські підприємства, колективні господарства, зокрема селянські спілки, агрофірми, міжгосподарські підприємства і об’єднання, різного роду та видів товариства, які поділяються за формою об’єднання та рівнем відповідальності. Найважливіші з них, які прижились та функціонують в сільському господарстві, є сільськогосподарські підприємства, зокрема приватні, та господарства населення. Ефективному розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві перешкоджають слабка адаптація до ринкових умов та низька інвестиційна привабливість аграрного виробництва і господарських формувань, безсистемність і розпорошеність надходжень коштів у модернізацію виробничої діяльності, недостатня державна підтримка, недосконалість організаційно-економічного механізму управління розвитком різних організаційно-правових форм підприємницької діяльності в аграрному секторі.

The article is devoted to the study of ways of socio-economic development of the Novgorod region. In Russia, this problem is relevant for all regions. Russia is a huge country where each region has its own characteristics, both territorial and socio-economic. In the article, the author points to the existing methods of development of the Novgorod region and the result of their application in practice. This article raises the following questions: are there any ways to develop the Novgorod region, and if so, how can they be implemented. On June 28, 2014, Federal Law No. 172-FL On Strategic Planning in Russia entered into force. According to Article 20 of Part 6 of Clause 2: “The federal executive bodies, plenipotentiaries of the President of the Russian Federation in federal districts and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must be guided by the Fundamentals of the state policy of regional development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 when solving the problems of socio-economic development of entities Russian Federation”. Prior to this, the Law “On the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Novgorod Region until 2030” was already issued on July 9, 2012 in the Novgorod Region and has lost force on the basis of the law of April 4, 2019. After analyzing this law and the socio-economic situation of the Novgorod region, the author derived forecasts of the effectiveness of the development strategy and ways to optimize the socio-economic situation of the region.

Agricultural production is closely related to natural and climatic factors, of which meteorological factors are the most variable and active. The analysis of climatic precipitation and temperature norms according to the data of 4 meteorological stations of the Novgorod region for the period 1891-2020 showed their steady increase, except for the Novgorod meteorological station, where the annual precipitation rate by 2020 decreased against the background of temperature growth. Analysis of the results of meteorological observations over the past 60 years has shown that there is a steady trend in the Novgorod region to increase the degree of humidification: the hydrothermal coefficient has increased from 1.36 to 1.46. This happened due to the excess of the increase in precipitation over the increase in temperature, so agricultural production of crop production is impossible without reclamation measures. The aim of the research was to gain new knowledge in the formation of soil moisture regimes under the influence of drainage reclamation in the conditions of climate change. In the Non-Chernozem zone, two main methods of drainage are common - a network of open channels and closed drains. Studies on the formation of soil moisture regimes were carried out during 2019-2021 on experimental production sites of closed and open drainage on 8 variants of structures. The conducted studies of the efficiency of the drainage systems of closed and open drainage allowed us to conclude that closed drainage systems better provide the water-air regime of the soil compared to open drainage: the period of soil being in a waterlogged state is 2 times shorter (50 days on open drainage structures and 25 days on closed drainage structures).The most optimal water-air regime of the soil among the options with closed drainage was provided by drainage systems with filling the drainage trench with wood chips, on which the range of moisture changes in the root-inhabited soil layer during 3 years of observation was closest to optimal and amounted to 210-114 mm. Among the options for open drainage are systems of runoff hollows in combination with cultivation strips.

In this scientific article, the authors consider the role and importance of geoportals as sources of information for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the region. The object of the study is Novgorod region, which has an industrial and agricultural specialization and significant natural resource potential for the development of the agricultural sector. The authors have identified external and internal factors that have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the region. The solution to the mentioned above problems is, according to the authors, visualization of the results of complex works on the establishment of boundaries of agricultural lands on a regional geoportal with subsequent use of it as a justifying tool for making managerial decisions to support agricultural producers. The conducted research has shown that the Novgorod region has the opportunities to restore abandoned agricultural lands, and the use of geoportal information by regional authorities can allow effective interaction with the federal budget for comprehensive support of agricultural producers in a simplified manner.

On July 22, 2006 the Polish Parliament enacted a new law on a European cooperative society (SCE); the law determines rules for formation, organising and conducting activities of European cooperation societies. An SCE is a legislative structure created to achieve goals typical for cooperatives and shows many distinctive features of a commercial company - in particular joint stock one. Appearance of a new form of business activity - European Cooperative Society can have a positive influence on the situation on the labour market by reducing the unemployment rate because cooperatives create favourable conditions for social integration. They can create jobs and foster economic growth without aspiring to generate profit in order to divide it among their members. Business activity conducted in form of an SCE enables strong mutual cooperation of the said local communities in EU allows an effective allocation on the labour market while taking into consideration a social factor.

The rural area is a very important multifunctional space, with landscape enhancement value and function. These factors are then necessary for the directions of development process in rural communities. The countryside creates an important part of economic and social state system. The area of work and the employment of population into the productive age present ones of significant macro-economic indicators of the capacity of national economy. Changes of economy in the market space, transformation of companies of agricultural primary production to new legal form, restructuring of production and manpower in agriculture  caused leaving of part skilled of the workers, as well as other workers to another branches of national economy. In 1990’s, especially in the beginning during the transformation of Czech economy, there was a big boom of private business and new forms of business activities and subjects emerged. Traditional lifestyle, which continues in the Czech countryside, determined that small enterprise prevails here. Current economics clearly shows that small and medium enterprises have an unsubstitutable role in our economic development and greatly contribute to creating new jobs in individual regions.

The article analyzes the regional features of the provision of medical personnel in Russia in the context of various subjects and federal districts. P u r p o s e of the study is to analyze the features of staffing of medical organizations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in modern conditions and the main directions of policy to improve the staffing situation at the regional level. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . According to the official statistics, an analysis of the staffing of medical and paramedical personnel was carried out in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; in the course of the study, methods were used such as: analytical, statistical, study and generalization of experience. R e s u l t s . The analysis showed that the provision of doctors and the provision of emergency medical services for different regions of the Russian Federation is different. The lowest values of the indicator of the provision of doctors in 2019 were recorded in the Ural FD, the Southern FD and the North Caucasian FD, while in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation the most pronounced tendency towards a decrease in the level of provision nursing staff was noted in Moscow, Tyumen region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Republic of Kalmykia, Udmurt Republic, as well as in Yaroslavl, Murmansk, Novgorod and Kirov regions, which emphasizes the need to take appropriate management measures, both at the local and federal levels. F i n d i n g s . The existing imbalance in the country between the provision of the population with doctors and nurses in various regions (the difference between low and high rates is more than 2.3 times), as well as between the provision of medical workers in the city and rural areas is the main problem of staffing the system. To overcome this situation, further implementation of new measures of social support and moral incentives for medical personnel in Russia is required.

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and legal nature of start-ups, their features, and the legal algorithm of their creation, operation, and termination of activities, with due regard to the existing legislative provisions and doctrinal developments. The rapid technological progress in the world drives the development of economic systems, and the fierce competition between them determines the innovative direction of our country's development. However, despite the fact that over the past two decades new forms of business activity, including start-ups, have been actively used and successfully implemented in Ukraine, there have been almost no changes in the legislative field in this area. This state of affairs should make it necessary to amend existing legislative acts and adopt new ones, develop and consolidate new legal terms and concepts, which would facilitate legislative regulation of all innovation processes. To this end, the author proposes to adopt a special Law of Ukraine “On the Activities of Startups” and to enshrine the definition of “startup” therein. The term “start-up” is defined as a business entity registered in accordance with the procedure established by law that offers a competitive innovative service or product, a newly developed or improved technology that will improve a certain area of human activity, but has limited resources. There is also a justified need to make the list of types of intellectual property open. This will help to protect and defend the innovative achievements and developments of start-up founders. A list of features inherent in a start-up has been proposed: focus on the development of an innovative product or service; relatively short period of existence with subsequent transformation, sale or termination of existence; scientific potential of the start-up founders; registration of a start-up in the legal form of an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity. The organisational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity have been analysed and it has been concluded which forms are the most convenient and favourable for registration of start-ups.

Vegetable growing is one of the leading branches of agriculture. More than 600 types of vegetables are cultivated in world agriculture, about 80 types - in Russia. To solve the food problem, it is necessary to increase vegetable production in the near future. In the Russian Federation, production of garden carrots and other vegetables is directed primarily to meet population demands. In the Krasnodar Territory, sown areas are on the increase from year to year, reaching the value of 2.8-2.5 thousand hectares. Thus, they increased by 0.7 and 0.5 thousand ha in Volgograd and Voronezh regions, respectively. In 2021, high yields of carrots were harvested in the whole country (41.53 t/ha), and in agricultural enterprises (33.4 t/ha). High productivity of carrots (32.03 t/ha) was recorded in the Siberian Federal District of Russia. High-yielding and resistant carrot cultivars and hybrids of Russian breeding were identified for commercial production: F1 Altair, F1 Tavrida, F1 Krasnogorye, cv. Korsar. More than 80% of the total carrot production in the Russian Federation is concentrated in the Southern, Volga and Central Federal Districts. In Russia, sufficient amounts of carrots are produced to fully provide the population and even partially export vegetables abroad. Regional carrot yields were as follows: 93.99 t in Moscow region, 55.79 t in Samara region, 44.61 t in Republic of Dagestan, 41.59 t in Krasnodar Territory, 38.51 t in Novgorod region, 31.45 t in Nizhny Novgorod region, 30.99 t in Rostov region, 27.92 t in Republic of Tatarstan, 25.63 t in Republic of Crimea, 24.26 t in Voronezh region. In order to reduce prices for carrots, it is necessary to completely abandon imports and ensure year-round supplies of our own products. It requires modernization of vegetable storehouses and improvement of storage technologies.

Small business is an integral part of the economic system, without which the economy and society as a whole cannot exist and develop. The growth rate of this sector in Russia and its contribution to socio-economic development is much lower than in developed countries. The results of scientific research confirm the connection between the level of development of small business in a particular region and the growth rate of its economy, the welfare of the population. The regions significantly differ from each other in a number of parameters, which leads to certain differences in the degree and nature of the influence of small business on the socio-economic development of territories. However, at the regional level, such differences are not always taken into account. Based on the available statistics, the contribution of small enterprises to the social, economic and investment development of the constituent entities of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation has been evaluated. As a result, it was determined that a high contribution in all three indicators is observed in the Pskov and Kaliningrad regions, a low one – in the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, Murmansk and Novgorod regions. It is obvious that the high contribution of small business to the economy of the region determines its significant role in social development and investment. The typology of the regions can be used to adjust measures to support small business, taking into account the problems and characteristics of regional development in order to increase the effectiveness of managerial impact.