Abstract
Ancient fable is one of the most notable phenomena of European literature. Many monuments of this genre are distinguished by high artistic skill and have not lost their aesthetic value to these days. Short stories with a moral component, the protagonists of which were the representatives of animate or inanimate nature, were known in ancient times. Aesop is considered the founder of fable’s genre, according to the legend he first made them in literary processing. The most commonly among the works of the ancient Greek fabulist there are the themes of hypocrisy and human recklessness, lies and greed, fame and its consequences. The traditional structure of fables usually has two components – a morality and a narrative, and its main elements are an instructive, figurative, concise presentation, the introduction to the plot of various species of animals, plants, natural phenomena, gods, etc., which endowed with traditional allegorical image. The events described in the fables have an instructive content, in which the negative social phenomena and the human traits are ridiculed with help of allegory. Each fable of the legendary master is a separate episode, not related to the rest of the fables. The article defines the concept of a fable, provides a theoretical justification for choosing the object of study, takes into account a state of the linguistic researches of a chosen topic, outlines the artistic features of the genre, determines a compositional, stylistic and speech structure of Aesop’s fables and their translations into Ukrainian. Yuri Mushak’s translations are distinguished by the desire to preserve the artistic features of Aesop’s fables with a detailed transfer of their individual linguistic and stylistic elements. At the same time, the translator manages to bring his translations closer to the living conditions and morals of the Ukrainian people, he widely uses abbreviations or, conversely, additions to the text, replacement, concretization, and so on.
Highlights
Жуковський простежив історичну еволюцію жанру байки, виділивши в ній три історичні епохи: 1) коли байка була не чимось іншим як звичайним "риторичним прийомом, прикладом, порівнянням"; 2) коли байка, здобувши самостійне буття, "перетворилася на один із реальних шляхів визначення моральної оцінки для оратора чи моралізуючого філософа"
Сюди він виокремив байки Езопа, Федра, а з нової літератури – байки Лессінга; 3) "коли зі сфери красномовства перейшла вона у сферу поезії, тобто набула тієї форми, якою зобов'язана в наш час Лафонтенові та його наслідувачам" [1, с. 329]
Життя людини в ньому відображується в образах тварин, рослин чи речей або ж зводиться до умовних стосунків
Summary
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ БАЙОК ЕЗОПА У ТВОРЧОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПИСЬМЕННИКІВ-ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧІВ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПЕРЕКЛАДІВ ЮРІЯ МУШАКА) Основоположником жанру байки вважають легендарного Езопа, який, за легендою, уперше піддав їх літературній обробці. Ключові слова: антична байка, Езоп, переклад, лексико-граматичні особливості.
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