Մութազիլիզմի կրոնափիլիսոփայական դրույթների արտացոլումը Աբու Ֆաթհ ալ-Շահրաստանիի «կրոնների և աղանդների մասին» (كتاب الملل والنحل ) աշխատության մեջ

Abstract

The work "On Religions and Sects" (“Kitāb al-Milal wa-l-Niḥal”) of 11th-12th centuries theologian and philosopher Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Shahrastani, written in 1127, is considered to be the first work of encyclopedic value. It is unique and stands out among the theological works of its time, primarily for its inclusion: from the teachings of the pre-Islamic period to the history of Islam, the presentation of the teachings of its main directions. The author systematically formulated the main problems of theology, which should be the basis for describing various teachings. Presenting the basic teachings (sects) of Islam, the author stands out also with a relatively impartial approach. In the chapter on Mu'tazilism, the author outlines its main religious and philosophical provisions, common to all Mu'tazilian teachings. Then he discusses in detail the teachings of all Mu'tazilite schools, their similarities and differences, sometimes disagreeing with them. The author substantiates this disagreement mainly with the evidence quoted from the Qur'an, trying to be very moderate, conscientious, thereby providing a great deal of material for further research.