Изучение состава полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и их индивидуальных соотношений у лиц зрелого возраста климатогеографически разных районов севера

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate by gas-liquid chromatography the serum polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the blood and to evaluate the informative value of their individual relations in clinically healthy adult persons aged 22-35, 36-45 and 46-60 years living in Subarctic (661 people) and Arctic (895 people) of territories of Russia at the present time. The results of the study showed that despite the increase from 22-35 to 46-60 years the serum ω-6 linoleic (С18:2ω6с), arachidonic (С20:4ω6), eicosatrienoic (С20:3ω6), ω-3 linolenic (С18:3ω3), eicosapentaenoic (С20:5ω3), docosahexaenoic (С22:6ω3) acids levels in both regions, there were a deficiency of docosapentaenoic (С22:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic (С22:6ω3) acids, especially in the subarctic, and an excess of arachidonic acid in the arctic region. At the same time, there were an increase in the arachidonic / eicosapentaenoic ratio and a decrease in the magnitude of 20:5ω3 / 22:5ω3, (20: 3ω6 + 20:5ω3) / 22:6ω3 in all age groups of subarctic region relative to similar ages of arctic region. That indicates intension in fatty acid metabolism and intensification of substrate synthesis for the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. At the same time, in the arctic region a statistically significant increase in both ω-3 and ω-6 may be a compensatory-adaptive response in preserving the lipid component of cell membranes, aimed at reducing the risk of their destruction. But increasing the С20:4ω6 / С20:5ω3 ratio is one of the hidden criteria risks of synthesizing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. The obtained results demonstrate the age specificity of the polyunsaturated fatty acids composition in the inhabitants of the Northern territories, determine their physiological state and reflect the risks of the development of metabolic diseases at the present stage.