Abstract
The use of science and relevant innovative technologies for the development of tools and techniques for detecting and investigating crimes is an urgent task of increasing the effectiveness of fighting crime at the current stage. It is shown that in order to identify a person by a DNA molecule, it is sufficient to study and encode only a half of the body's chromosomes, that is, its haploid set. However, only the complete (diploid) genome determines the phenotypic and other biological characteristics of the organism. Purpose: to emphasize the erroneous use of information on the reference (artificially collected) quasi-haploid human genome, including in DNA-forensic science. Another purpose is to prove the necessity of conducting universal DNA (genomic) registration of the population only on the basis of neutral DNA markers (arguments are made for this view). Ethical issues arising from DNA phenotyping as part of investigations are addressed. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: comparative-legal, system-structural, analysis, modeling, social survey and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the research identifies the possibilities of establishing more complete characteristics of a person in genome-wide studies (diploid genomes); the advantages of SNP-loci (SNPs) studies in relation to STR-loci studies are considered. The article shows the possibilities of using new technologies for DNA identification of the person as a result of universal genomic registration of the population of the Russian Federation.
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