Abstract
Joint studies of changes in the photosphere and chromosphere before and during solar flares at the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv University and the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are described. Observations of flaring-active regions were performed at solar horizontal telescopes of the GAO NASU Ernest Gurtovenko’s ATsU-5 in Kyiv, ACU-26 on the Terskol peak and at the French-Italian solar tower telescope THEMIS with the spectropolarimeter in the Canary Islands in Spain. Significant variations in the spectral lines formed in the photosphere due to flares have been detected. Some results of modeling of the photosphere and chromosphere before and during flares of different classes are given. Conclusions are made regarding the important role of the photosphere in the flare process, the sequence of propagation of flare perturbation in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere.
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