Особенности и тенденции вариабельности лимитирующих факторов среды для плодовых культур Северного Кавказа в зимне-весенний период с учетом изменения климата (на примере абрикоса)

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the functioning of fruit crops (on the example of apricot in the South of Russia) with the external factors acting on them in order to increase their productivity in conditions of climate change. Objectives: 1) to evaluate the range of tolerance of apricot culture at speci fi c moments of its life to the limiting factors of the growing environment; 2) to study the adaptability of the culture to changing climatic conditions for speci fi c phases of development. The changes of temperature conditions in the Krasnodarregion and the Republicof Kabardino-Balkariyafor 32 years (1986-2017) were analyzed. The duration of the period of manifestation of stress factors of the winter-spring period in the Kubanzone of Krasnodar region and its western foothills causing the death of apricot fl ower buds was studied. The manifestations of temperature stress factors in the winter-spring period in the Steppe and Foothill zones of Kabardino-Balkaria were studied in parallel (for comparison). Tendencies of shift of limiting factors in the main zones of apricot cultivation in these regions in the winter-spring period are noted. It is established that with the General global warming there is a local increase in the period of winter development of temperature stresses on the strength and frequency of their manifestations. Adaptive reactions of apricot on climate fl uctuations in time (32 years) and space (Krasnodarregion, Republicof Kabardino-Balkaria) are revealed. The obtained data should be used to “ fi t” the new environmental conditions to the requirements of the plant organism (in this case, for apricot culture).